| Corrugated Specs | Board grade, flute, basis weight, burst strength | Over-specified material adding 10-15% to cost |
| Pallet Configuration | Case dimensions, stacking pattern, pallet utilization | 15-25% wasted pallet cube |
| Freight Utilization | Truck fill rate, routing, inbound patterns | Trucks leaving 20-30% empty |
| Line Performance | Case erector speed, jam rate, changeover time | Packaging-related downtime costing $50K+/yr |
| Damage & Returns | Transit damage rate, claim frequency, root cause | 1-3% damage from inadequate packaging design |